Nano-Enhanced Hybrid System for PET Depolymerization Using Immobilized PETase

This work presents the development of a nano-enhanced hybrid system for the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste into its primary monomers, terephthalic acid (TA) and ethylene glycol (EG). The system integrates mild chemical pre-treatment with enzyme-assisted hydrolysis, utilizing PETase immobilized on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ magnetic nanoparticles. The study was conducted independently using a home laboratory setup with capabilities comparable to advanced school-level facilities. The research combines experimental implementation, stoichiometric analysis, and process modeling to evaluate system performance and feasibility. Magnetic nanoparticle-based immobilization enhances enzyme stability and enables repeated reuse cycles, improving the overall efficiency of the degradation process. The system operates under moderate conditions and is designed to reduce energy consumption compared to conventional recycling techniques. Mass balance calculations confirm efficient conversion of PET into valuable monomers, with theoretical yields of approximately 0.86 tons of terephthalic acid and 0.32 tons of ethylene glycol per ton of PET processed. A scale-up model based on 1 ton/day processing capacity indicates potential economic viability, with a projected net surplus of approximately ₹2.55 lakh per ton under optimized conditions. This work demonstrates a practical approach to combining nanotechnology and biotechnology for sustainable plastic waste management. It highlights the potential of independent research and small-scale laboratory innovation in addressing global environmental challenges.