Evaluation of Periodontal Parameters Among Infertile Men Undergoing Periodontitis Treatment: A Retrospective Study

Abstract Background and Objectives: Periodontitis has been linked to idiopathic male infertility and impairment of semen values. However, data on the role of periodontal treatment in sperm parameter outcomes as well as the identification of the value of clinical periodontal infection predictors (BOP, PD, and CAL) as composite measures following active periodontitis therapy are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the role of periodontitis treatment in infertile men and its impact on semen quality. Methods: 58 infertile patients with semen abnormalities underwent treatment of periodontitis. Clinical periodontal and andrological examinations were conducted for all participants. Clinical periodontal parameters (PD, BOP, and CAL) were measured for all participants. The outcome was assessed by improvement in semen parameters. Results: A significant increase in the median BOP, PD, and CAL of periodontitis patients compared to the observation group was demonstrated (p < 0.05). After a follow-up of 34.05 months, a significant change in the median BOP, PD, and CAL was observed after treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant improvement was noted in median sperm concentration, motility, and morphology in 21 (36.2%) patients. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between the longer BOP, deeper PD, and higher CAL and treatment outcomes in terms of semen values. Based on multivariate analysis, higher CAL was a significant predictor of semen outcomes. Conclusions: Treatment of periodontitis can significantly improve seminal parameters in infertile men with semen abnormalities. Moreover, the higher CAL in infertile periodontitis men may be a feature of high risk of infertility.