Green Chemistry as A Foundation for Sustainable Development: Innovations, Practices, And Global Implications

Abstract A sustainable society depends on chemical products and processes that are designed from the earliest molecular stage to support human health and environmental well-being 1, 2. Evaluating whether a chemical is renewable, hazardous, or persistent requires attention to its inherent molecular characteristics during the design process 2, 6. By integrating the principles of green chemistry and green engineering into raw materials, technologies, and manufacturing methods, it becomes possible to create chemical systems that meet performance expectations while also protecting the environment 1, 7. Achieving this transition calls for combining long-standing scientific knowledge with modern approaches in systems thinking and design 8. Beginning at the molecular level, these changes can ultimately contribute to global improvements in sustainability 9.