This article presents the Integrative Emotion-Need Model (IENM) of basic emotions, comprising thirteen emotional categories. Objective: to provide a theoretical justification for the model based on clinical criteria for selecting basic emotions. Method: systematic theoretical analysis and conceptual synthesis of data from neurobiology, need psychology, polyvagal theory, and clinical practice. The theoretical foundations include: the hierarchy of needs (Maslow), self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan), attachment theory (Bowlby), the existential approach (Fromm), the informational theory of emotions (Simonov), and polyvagal theory (Porges). Results. Three clinical criteria for basic emotions are proposed: (1) need specificity, (2) clinical blockability, (3) clinical discriminability. Based on these criteria, the IENM was developed, in which each of the thirteen emotions corresponds unambiguously to a distinct need. The emotions are organized into the circular "IENM Hexagon" model — six groups defined by polyvagal profile (ventral, ventral-sympathetic, sympathetic, sympathetic-dorsal, dorsal, and dorsal-ventral states). The inclusion of five emotional categories (inspiration, serenity, tenderness, confidence, and calmness), not represented in classical models, is substantiated. Directions for empirical verification are presented, including the development of a diagnostic questionnaire. Practical significance: the model enables practitioners to precisely identify a client's frustrated need and to work purposefully with blocked emotions in the counseling process.
Alexandra Ermakova (Fri,) studied this question.