Research on the mechanism of ENO1/PI3K/STAT3 promoting PKM2 nuclear translocation to drive neuronal metabolic reprogramming in Alzheimer Disease patients

Alzheimer's is an incurable, degenerative neurological disease that ultimately causes death. For this reason, it has been aim to discuss the molecular and bioinformatic mechanisms related to ENO1/PI3K/STAT3/PKM2 factors in Alzheimer's in this study. The results of this study showed that ENO1 and PI3K genes modulate PKM2 nuclear translocation through direct molecular processes, while the STAT3 gene affects PKM2 nuclear translocation through indirect processes. In general, modulating the nuclear translocation of PKM2 and reducing the expression of this gene is an effective step in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, these mechanisms improve the effective neuronal metabolisms in the synaptic space and specifically stimulate neural stimuli. In other words, these mechanisms are effective in the regeneration of nerve cells in a planned manner and play an effective role in the activation of neurons. The results of this study also showed that the STAT3 factor, in addition to its indirect effect on the nuclear translocation of PKM2, aggravates the disease by affecting various signaling pathways. On the other hand, the ENO1 and PI3K factors prevent the loss of neurons and the synaptic space in the brain through other molecules and various transcriptional pathways. Also, the ENO1 and PI3K genes prevent abnormal phosphorylation of this protein by blocking the phosphorylation pathway of the tau factor. On the other hand, these genes limit the production of amyloid beta and facilitate glucose synthesis in the brain. The results of gene expression analysis also showed that the ENO1 and PI3K genes are highly expressed in the cerebellum and hippocampus, which emphasizes the importance of these organs in stimulating neurons. High STAT3 gene expression in the medulla oblongata indicates significant beta-amyloid in acute Alzheimer's stages. The results of this study also showed that the ENO1 and PI3K genes have a direct effect on improving learning disorders and increasing the volume of the hippocampus, which ultimately leads to the regulation of synaptic space activity. In general, these findings highlight the role of ENO1, PI3K, and STAT3 factors. Research into Alzheimer's mechanisms offers a promising perspective for treatment development.