Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss: From Pathological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Interventions

ABSTRACT Noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL), a significant non‐genetic form of hearing impairment, is primarily managed through the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants. However, the fundamental pathological mechanisms underlying NIHL remain inadequately addressed. Recent advancements in understanding the pathogenesis of NIHL—particularly concerning oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, signal pathway regulation, and apoptosis—have led to the continuous development of drug treatment strategies. By integrating advanced drug delivery technologies and innovative biological treatment methods, research on drug therapies for NIHL is progressively evolving toward a comprehensive intervention approach that targets multiple mechanisms and employs various strategies. This evolution lays a robust foundation for future effective protection and restoration of hearing. This article aims to elucidate the principal pathophysiological mechanisms of NIHL and the latest advancements in drug treatment research.