Role of Human Skin Dermal White Adipose Tissue in Cutaneous Diseases Characterized by Excessive Fibrosis, Hair Growth Abnormalities, and Immunological Disturbance: A Narrative Review

Abstract Background: Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is a recently discovered independent cellular structure composed of adipocyte populations that are closely linked to other dermal elements of the skin. This enables adipocytes to serve as regulators of multiple functions of other skin elements, including fibroblasts, hair follicles, and immune cells. However, its role in cutaneous disease development through the disruption of its regulatory functions has only recently garnered attention and remains incompletely understood. Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide information on the essential role of dWAT in the pathophysiology of common cutaneous diseases characterized by excessive fibrosis, hair growth abnormalities, and immunological disturbances. Methods: This was accomplished by examining the anatomy of dWAT in the skin, its known functions, its role in the development of common cutaneous diseases through the alteration of dWAT-mediated regulatory functions, and the potential roles of dermal adipocytes in other dermatological conditions. Results: This review demonstrates that a complete and comprehensive understanding of the origin, structure, and function of dWAT is essential for a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of common cutaneous diseases. This knowledge is crucial for the development of new treatment modalities for these disorders. Conclusion: This review highlights the diverse functions of dWAT and its potential implications for novel therapeutic strategies in dermatology.