Piezo channels in tumors

Abstract Introduction Malignant tumors currently pose a significant threat to global health. Tumor progression is jointly regulated by genetic mutations and the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including increased tissue stiffness, elevated fluid pressure, and mechanical compression experienced by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within microvessels. These mechanical signals are transmitted through mechanosensitive pathways, with the Piezo channel family (Piezo1/Piezo2) serving as a core mediator.With their propeller-like trimeric structure, Piezo channels sense membrane tension, mediate calcium influx, and activate downstream signaling pathways (e.g., MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, YAP/TAZ), thereby regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, immune microenvironment remodeling, and cancer stem cell-like transformation. Its expression exhibits tissue specificity and correlates with tumor staging, invasiveness, and pro gnosis. Results Piezo1 is upregulated in breast, esophageal, colorectal, glioma, and prostate cancers to promote tumor progression, while its downregulation in lung cancer enhances malignancy.Notably, the Piezo1 channel can be activated by mechanical compression in microcapillaries, subsequently promoting circulating tumor cells to acquire stem cell-like properties through calcium signaling pathways, thereby enhancing their metastatic potential. This discovery not only reveals the pivotal role of mechanical forces in tumor metastasis but also positions the Piezo channel as a promising biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Currently, targeted strategies for the Piezo channel—including small-molecule modulators and treatments based on piezoelectric materials—are gradually opening new avenues for precision cancer therapy, although issues such as tissue specificity of function and drug selectivity require further exploration. Conclusion Overall, as a vital bridge linking mechanical signals in the tumor microenvironment to cellular biological behavior, Piezo channels hold significant importance for deepening our understanding of tumor mechanisms, developing novel biomarkers, and optimizing therapeutic strategies.