From Process Governance to Model Semantics: A Comparative Analysis of ISO 19650 and NBIMS-US V3 toward Unified BIM Information Governance Models

This study investigates the integration of process-oriented information management and model-based data structuring within Building Information Modelling (BIM) frameworks. While ISO 19650 defines lifecycle-based governance processes, NBIMS-US V3 provides structured semantic data exchange mechanisms. Using a Comparative Qualitative Document Analysis (CQDA), this research examines five key dimensions: workflows, roles, data exchange, lifecycle integration, and compliance systems. The findings demonstrate that these frameworks operate at complementary layers of BIM information governance rather than as competing standards. Based on this analysis, a hybrid governance model is proposed, integrating ISO 19650’s process-driven lifecycle coordination with NBIMS-US V3’s semantic interoperability and validation capabilities (e.g., IFC and COBie). This integration enables more traceable, interoperable, and automation-ready information flows across digital construction environments. The study contributes to bridging the gap between governance processes and data semantics, providing both theoretical insights and practical implications for policymakers, asset owners, and industry practitioners. It supports the advancement of digital construction, compliance automation, and lifecycle-oriented information management. Keywords: BIM, ISO 19650, NBIMS-US, information governance, interoperability, digital construction, lifecycle management.