A Study of Green Economy and Sustainable Development in India

The concept of the green economy has gained global prominence as nations seek sustainable pathways that balance economic growth with environmental protection and social inclusion. India, as a fast-growing emerging economy, faces the dual challenge of accelerating development while addressing climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation. This paper examines the evolution, policy framework, sectoral initiatives, and challenges of the green economy in India. Using secondary data and policy analysis, the study highlights key drivers such as renewable energy expansion, green finance, sustainable agriculture, and circular economy practices. The paper finds that while India has made measurable progress through national missions and market instruments, gaps remain in financing, technology diffusion, skills, and governance. Policy coherence, private-sector participation, and local implementation are critical to scaling green growth. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen India’s transition toward a resilient and inclusive green economy.