Transforming habits, transforming health: a behaviour-centred WASH intervention in the urban slums of Darjeeling, India

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) promotion helps to prevent common childhood illnesses through behaviour change. The study assessed the effectiveness of a WASH education in improving household WASH practices in an urban slum of Darjeeling, West Bengal. A quasi-experimental intervention involving interactive discussions, role-playing, and live demonstrations was conducted among 75 households with children under 10 years of age. Baseline and endline behaviours were compared for any significant changes. A composite WASH score was applied to assess the intervention's effect between baseline and endline. Post-WASH intervention, significant improvements in water handling, sanitation, and hygiene behaviours were observed (P-value <.05). Key changes included increased use of clean, covered water containers, improved sanitation practices, safe waste disposal, and better personal hygiene. Overall, the mean WASH score rose significantly from baseline to endline (11.40 ± 5.25 vs 17.20 ± 5.28 respectively; P = .000). The prevalence of common childhood illnesses was assessed at baseline and at endline, with a statistically significant reduction in diarrhoea and skin infections at endline (P = .001 for both). Socioeconomic status was a significant predictor of behaviour change (adjusted R2=0.17, P-value <.05). Community-based WASH interventions significantly improved WASH practices among children and caregivers and reduced childhood diarrhoea and skin infections in urban slums of Darjeeling.