Reaching the wild berry industry: A spatially relational account of the state and incumbents during transition processes

• Actor relations within sustainability transitions are inherently spatial. • Relations of proximity and distance are continuously mediated in transitions. • Transitions gain shape through spatial exchanges between state and non-state actors. • Attention to sociospatial relations could enhance geography of transitions literature. This article explores the dynamic interrelationships between the state and incumbents in efforts to promote social sustainability in the wild berry industry. Focusing on these actors’ relations and strategies, it highlights the relational proximities and distances of their interactions, particularly in efforts to ensure social sustainability for seasonal migrant workers, who often face exploitation. By examining changes in migration and labour-market policy in the Swedish and Finnish wild berry industries, we show how transitions are continuously shaped through a variety of mediated relations of proximity and distance, extending the geographical perspective on sustainability transitions through a spatially relational account of state—incumbent interactions. Additionally, by studying how sustainability efforts are operationalised in each country, we provide insights into a possible transition within the wild berry industry. More broadly, the article contributes to deeper knowledge about how sustainability transitions might unfold in practice, contributing to an understanding of how seemingly uncontrollable processes are configured.