A Thematic Analysis of Sleep Behavior Self-Regulation in Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Background/Objectives: Sleep is critical for young adults, particularly those with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who face unique challenges in achieving recommended sleep and diabetes health targets. The purpose of this study guided by the theoretical framework of self-regulation theory is to explore how these individuals navigate self-regulatory processes in their sleep behaviors through mechanisms of self-monitoring, self-judgment, and self-evaluation. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was implemented using semi-structured interviews with 34 young adults (ages 18–30) living with T1D. Data were collected through focused interviews, sleep diaries, actigraphy, and continuous glucose monitoring, followed by thematic analysis to identify sleep behavior self-regulation patterns. Results: Three primary themes were identified: (1) Sleep Behavior Self-Monitoring—highlighting participants’ awareness of their sleep habits and the diabetes-related impacts on these habits; (2) Sleep Behavior Self-Judgment—reflecting how personal and societal standards inform their evaluation of sleep health; (3) Sleep Behavior Self-Evaluation—showing emotional responses associated with sleep out-comes, where good sleep led to positive feelings and motivation, while poor sleep resulted in frustration. Conclusions: Understanding sleep behavior self-regulation among young adults with T1D is crucial for improving sleep health and diabetes management. Targeted interventions incorporating sleep education and self-regulatory strategies may enhance both perceived sleep quality and overall well-being in this population.