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April 16, 2026Journal of Financial Economic Policy

Seeking overdraft fee revenue: the consequences of bank competition

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Authors

KBKihwan BaeJHJoshua C. Hall

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Overview

Evaluates how bank competition affects overdraft fee revenue, indicating potential risks for consumers.

Key Points

  • Investigate the relationship between bank competition and overdraft fee revenue in the U.S. retail deposit market.
  • Analyzed cross-sectional data from 579 U.S. commercial banks with over $1 billion in assets.
  • Used the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index to measure competition.
  • Employed ordinary least squares regression and instrumental variables estimation for analysis.
  • Higher competition correlates with significantly increased per-account overdraft fees.
  • A 10% decline in the HHI results in a 1.3% increase in overdraft fees, equating to a $153 million annual rise.
  • Increased competition does not affect other types of deposit fees.

Cite This Study

Bae et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e07e582f7e8953b7cbf5d6https://doi.org/10.1108/jfep-10-2025-0459
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