Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support System for UAV Control in a Simulated Environment

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in missions that require high autonomy and reliable decision-making; however, many operational concepts still assume access to GNSS and stable communication with a human operator. In contested environments, this assumption may no longer hold because GNSS degradation, radio-frequency interference, and intentional jamming can disrupt positioning and communication, thereby reducing mission effectiveness and safety. Recent surveys show that operation in GNSS-denied environments remains a major challenge and often requires alternative perception, localization, and control strategies. In response, this article investigates a reinforcement learning (RL)-based decision-support system for the autonomous control of a quadrotor UAV in a three-dimensional simulated environment. Rather than following pre-programmed waypoints, the UAV learns a control policy through interaction with the environment and reward-driven adaptation. The proposed system is designed for mission execution under uncertainty, limited external guidance, and partial observability. Two policy-gradient approaches are implemented and compared: classical REINFORCE and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) with an Actor–Critic architecture. The study presents the simulation environment, state and action representation, reward formulation, staged training procedure, and comparative evaluation. The results indicate that, within the considered unseen test scenario, the PPO-based configuration achieved higher mission effectiveness than REINFORCE in the final unseen test scenario, supporting the practical relevance of structured deep reinforcement learning for UAV operation in GPS-denied and communication-constrained environments.