Transmission Ratio Distortion Detection Using Microsatellite and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in Hanwoo of Gyeongnam Province

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify and compare transmission ratio distortion (TRD) patterns using microsatellite (MS) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in a Hanwoo population from Gyeongnam Province. The objective was to construct parent‐offspring trios and investigate TRD patterns that may influence mortality and economic traits. MS marker data were obtained from 98,244 individuals, while SNP genotype data were collected from 392 individuals. TRD detection was performed using Bayesian statistical methods, with a threshold of log 10 (BF) ≥ 2 (BF ≥ 100) to indicate strong evidence. Using MS markers, allelic TRD was detected at ETH225, ETH3 , TGLA227, and TGLA53, whereas genotypic TRD was observed across all 11 markers. Using SNP markers, five TRD regions met the strong‐evidence threshold. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on positional candidate genes, but no Gene Ontology terms remained significant after false discovery rate correction (≤ 0.05), likely due to limited statistical power from the small candidate gene set. TRD patterns observed with MS markers were not consistently replicated in the SNP markers, highlighting differences in signal detection across platforms and underscoring the need for refined, integrated analyses. Overall, our results identify genomic regions warranting follow‐up validation in larger datasets and functional assays, rather than supporting pathway‐level conclusions.