Cognitive and Affective Challenges of Hospitality Management Students in Mathematics in the Modern World: Basis for an Intervention Plan

Mathematics in the Modern World presents both cognitive and affective challenges for hospitality management students at Cagayan State University–Aparri Campus. This study aimed to identify these challenges using a descriptive-correlational quantitative design. A total of 187 BSHM students, selected through stratified random sampling, participated in the study during AY 2024–2025. Data were gathered באמצעות a validated researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics. Results revealed that students frequently experience cognitive difficulties in applying mathematical concepts, logical reasoning, and problem-solving. Affective challenges included high math anxiety, low self-esteem, and negative attitudes toward mathematics. Younger students and those with weaker foundational math skills exhibited greater difficulties. Overall, both cognitive and affective factors hinder students’ mathematical performance. The study concludes that targeted instructional strategies and emotional support are necessary, recommending student-centered approaches, confidence-building activities, and structured remediation to improve learning outcomes.