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April 18, 2026CancersOpen Access

The Tumour Immune Microenvironment as a Predictor of the Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer

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Authors

SWSreya WadudECEleanor J. CheadlePSPaul A. Sutton

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Overview

A systematic review identifies immune biomarkers predicting neoadjuvant therapy response in rectal cancer, suggesting implications for clinical predictions.

Key Points

  • The research aims to identify immune biomarkers within the tumour microenvironment that predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer.
  • Conducted a systematic search across PubMed, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane databases.
  • Included primary studies linking the tumour immune microenvironment to pathological complete response or tumour regression grade.
  • Screened studies based on predefined criteria.
  • Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria, examining cohorts of 24 to 298 participants with stage II–III disease.
  • High densities of CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes correlated with better tumour regression outcomes.
  • FOXP3+ regulatory T cells and CD163+ macrophages showed inconsistent associations with treatment response.

Cite This Study

Wadud et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e3203440886becb653f5b9https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18081261
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Association of Pretreatment Immune-Inflammatory Biomarkers with Pathological Tumor Regression Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer2026
  2. 2Prognostic Significance of Cancer Stem Cell Markers and Tumor Microenvironment Components for Assessing the Efficacy of Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced rectal cancer2025
  3. 3Analysis of tumor microenvironment alterations in partially responsive rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy2024 · 5 citations
  4. 4Spatial immune architecture as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.2026
  5. 5Polarization of tumor-infiltrating macrophages predicts complete response to neoadjuvant treatment in patients with rectal cancer2026