The Italian contribution to the history and development of dermatology and venereology dates back to classical antiquity (5th century BC). It is extraordinarily rich and diverse, marked by numerous world-renowned scholars, many of whom were pioneers in anatomical-histological and clinical research. Several Italian investigators have lent their names to histological structures and dermatological conditions. Notably, the very first book on dermatology, one of the earliest treatises on venereology, and the first book on cosmetology were all authored by Italians. Italy also established the first dermatological hospital in the world (the Ospedale di Santa Maria e San Gallicano, est. Rome, 1725) entirely dedicated to the treatment of skin diseases, as well as the first scientific journal in the field. This review is divided into two sections. The first traces the historical evolution of Italian dermatology from classical antiquity to the present day. The second focuses on the structure, composition, and objectives of one of the earliest dermatological scientific societies: the Società Italiana di Dermatologia Medica, Chirurgica, Estetica e delle Malattie Sessualmente Trasmesse (SIDeMaST, Italian Society of Medical, Surgical, Aesthetic Dermatology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases), founded in 1885.
ANGELINI et al. (2026) studied this question.