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April 19, 2026Physiological ReportsOpen Access

Are saliva and bile sources of oxalate secretion into the human gastrointestinal tract?

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Authors

EEEmma EarhartTTThomas TiellemanJKJohn Knight

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Overview

Findings show negligible salivary and bile oxalate contribution in healthy individuals, suggesting limited roles in clearance.

Key Points

  • The research aims to investigate whether saliva and bile contribute to oxalate secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Obtained saliva from healthy volunteers and bile from patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
  • Measured oxalate concentrations using commercial assays and ion chromatography-mass spectrometry (IC-MS).
  • Verified salivary oxalate concentrations and rates of secretion.
  • Salivary oxalate averaged 21 μmol/L with enzyme-based assay, but IC-MS revealed ~1 μmol/L.
  • Bile oxalate averaged 14 μmol/L, indicating some hepatocyte secretion.
  • Salivary secretion rate of oxalate was negligible, and biliary clearance was minor (<5% relative to urine).

Cite This Study

Earhart et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e471ef010ef96374d8e361https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.70827
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