ABSTRACT In this work, we investigate the thermal stability of black holes (BHs) in the presence of thermal fluctuations. We consider a static spherically symmetric nonsingular BH in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) gravity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) in an AdS spacetime. We interpret many thermodynamical quantities like temperature, entropy, Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, pressure, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and specific heat and interpret how the variations in coupling parameter and NED parameter impact the stability and phase transitions of the BHs. We further examined the distinctive characteristics of BH shadow images observed for different values of both and . The obtained results of BH shadow contours indicate that the increasing values of both and , results in decrease the BH shadow radius significantly. Subsequently, we also investigate the infalling spherical accretion of BH shadows. The results indicate that while variations in relevant parameters do influence the central dark region, the primary factor is the change in observational appearance of the bright photon ring, which appears at the position of the photon sphere.
Aslam et al. (Wed,) studied this question.