Ultrafine nano-silica, with its smaller particle size compared to conventional nano-silica, is typically synthesized via gas-phase methods that require complex raw materials and processes. Here, we report optimized conditions for preparing ultrafine nano-silica via a precipitation reaction between fluosilicic acid waste and aluminum hydroxide. The optimal conditions determined were as follows: reverse feeding, surfactant addition at 3.0%, aluminum-to-silicon ratio of 2.00, reaction time of 30 min, reaction temperature of 90 °C, and stirring rate of 250 rpm. Under these conditions, ultrafine nano-silica with a uniform particle size of approximately 11 nm was successfully synthesized. Characterization of samples prepared by different feeding methods showed that the reverse feeding method yielded ultrafine nano-silica with superior performance indicators compared to the forward feeding method. Analysis of system changes during synthesis indicated that the feeding method influenced the acidic or alkaline environment of the substrate, affecting SiF 4 hydrolysis and the subsequent dehydration and condensation of Si-(OH) 4 monomers, leading to variations in silica particle agglomeration. Further, an analysis of the effects of alkyl chains in surfactants on the surfaces of silica particles, including -OH substitution or Si-O-Si bond cleavage, provided insights into the action mechanism of surface groups on ultrafine nano-silica particles.
Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.