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This study investigates how covert versus overt motor practice affects learning and transfer of motor skills.

April 19, 2026Open Access

Investigating the relative impacts of covert versus overt motor practice modalities on the learning and intermanual transfer of a novel motor skill

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Experimental investigation reveals covert practices enhance motor skill learning and transfer, suggesting effective learning strategies.

This study investigates how covert versus overt motor practice affects learning and transfer of motor skills.
Participants engaged in three groups: physical practice (PP), observational learning (OBS), and motor imagery (MI).
Each group practiced an underhand dart throw and was tested pre, post, and 24 hours later.
Improvements in motor performance were measured for both dominant and non-dominant hands.
All groups showed improvement from pretest to posttest, with the PP group demonstrating the most significant gains.
Covert practice groups (MI and OBS) retained enhancements better over time compared to PP.
No significant differences in intermanual transfer between covert and overt groups, suggesting similar learning effectiveness across practices.

AnnaMae Katharine Pond (2026) studied this question.

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April 19, 2026Open Access

View Full Paper

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Authors

Experimental investigation reveals covert practices enhance motor skill learning and transfer, suggesting effective learning strategies.

This study investigates how covert versus overt motor practice affects learning and transfer of motor skills.
Participants engaged in three groups: physical practice (PP), observational learning (OBS), and motor imagery (MI).
Each group practiced an underhand dart throw and was tested pre, post, and 24 hours later.
Improvements in motor performance were measured for both dominant and non-dominant hands.
All groups showed improvement from pretest to posttest, with the PP group demonstrating the most significant gains.
Covert practice groups (MI and OBS) retained enhancements better over time compared to PP.
No significant differences in intermanual transfer between covert and overt groups, suggesting similar learning effectiveness across practices.

AnnaMae Katharine Pond (2026) studied this question.

View Full Paper

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