Driver fatigue is a significant factor contributing to road accidents globally, particularly during extended journeys and overnight travel. This paper details the design and implementation of an intelligent embedded system engineered for real-time driver fatigue monitoring and automated emergency response. The system employs an ESP32-CAM module to continuously observe the driver's facial features, detecting drowsiness through analysis of eye closure patterns. Upon identification of fatigue, an immediate alert is issued via a buzzer. Should the driver not respond, the system escalates by dispatching emergency notifications through a GSM module and transmitting real-time location data via a GPS module. Furthermore, ultrasonic sensors are incorporated to identify nearby obstacles, aiding in controlled vehicle deceleration to achieve a safe stop. The amalgamation of computer vision, embedded systems, and IoT technologies offers an economical and effective solution for improving road safety. Empirical findings confirm reliable system performance across diverse conditions.
RAVALI et al. (2026) studied this question.