Hanuman Setu, a major religious site in Lucknow, witnesses a high concentration of beggars due to continuous religious footfall. Field-based observations indicate that around 30–35% of urban beggary in central Lucknow is concentrated near religious places, with Hanuman Setu being one of the most prominent locations. The study finds that poverty and unemployment account for nearly 40% of beggary, followed by migration (25%), disability and old age (20%), and religious charity practices (15%). The impacts include public inconvenience (about 45% of devotee complaints), child vulnerability (nearly 10–12% of beggars), and degradation of public space.
Shambhavi Singh (2026) studied this question.