The Role of Collagen Genetic Variability in Degenerative Disc Disease and Related Conditions

Abstract: Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) and related musculoskeletal disorders depend heavily on the structural integrity of collagen in the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of connective tissues. The roles of collagen types I, II, IX, and XI in Intervertebral Disc (IVD) dynamics have been previously examined. Genetic polymorphisms in collagen-encoding genes are associated with susceptibility to DDD. These polymorphisms influence the quality and arrangement of collagen fibrils, thereby affecting the overall health of the connective tissues. CRISPR/Cas9 offers a viable method for correcting pathogenic genetic variants associated with collagen-related pathologies. This review also emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of gene-environment interactions, which is critical for the development of personalized medicine for the treatment and management of DDD and related conditions. Expanding genetic studies and integrating insights into biomaterials and tissue engineering are essential for this purpose. A comprehensive genetic approach promises advances in predictive, preventive, and personalized health care.