Electrostatic and hydrodynamic behaviour of engineered nanopore geometries for enhanced blood–membrane interface performance

The electrostatic and hydrodynamic performance of nonporous interfaces plays a critical role in the efficiency and biocompatibility of blood-contacting membranes. In this study, we investigate the influence of engineered nanopore geometries: cylindrical, conical and biconical, on electric double layer (EDL) stability and flow behaviour within haemodialysis-type membranes. Using Multiphysics simulations, we analyze how shape modifications affect the spatial distributions of electrostatic potential and velocity near the pore walls. Our results reveal that biconical pores promote symmetric EDL formation and smoother axial flow, minimizing shear fluctuations and preserving interface stability. Variations in the apex and mouth diameters are shown to significantly affect electrohydrodynamic coupling, offering a tunable design pathway for enhanced ion-transport control. These findings highlight the importance of geometrical optimization in improving blood–membrane interface performance for advanced biomedical filtration systems.