The traditional theory of galaxy rotation directly applies the Sun-centered gravitational model of the solar system, ignoring two fundamental facts: the inverse-square law of gravity and the uniform mass distribution in galaxies. It incorrectly assumes that outer stars are governed solely by central gravity, and thus fabricates "dark matter" to fill the gravitational gap. This paper rigorously proves that the mass of the solar system is highly concentrated, so the gravitational forces between planets can be neglected; in contrast, the mass of a galaxy is uniformly distributed, so the gravitational forces of all matter in the galaxy cannot be neglected. Galaxy rotation is maintained by both short-range chain gravity and global gravity superposition. The dark matter hypothesis is logically self-contradictory and conflicts with the existing gravitational system, making it a pseudoconcept resulting from incorrect models.
Jiaqing Yan (2026) studied this question.