(Ba/Sr)Me₂Fe₂₄O₄₁ (Z-type Ferrites) geometry is essential in advanced microwave absorption applications due to their adjustable electromagnetic features and planar magnetocrystalline anisotropy, making them highly effective for high-frequency absorption. In this review, the Z-type system has been critically examined, focusing on structural integrity and site occupancy, including average bond length (Dₐᵥₑᵣ), bond distortion (Distort), and bond valence sum (BVS), as well as the contribution of rare-earth (e.g., La, Er, Pr, Sm, Dy, Nd, Gd) modifications to enhanced microwave absorption characteristics. Among the substituted samples, the Er-substituted sample at x = 0.06 achieved the optimum microwave absorption at 0.2 GHz, showing a minimum reflection loss of −67 dB, with composition Ba 3 Co 2 Er 0.06 Fe 23.94 O 41 . Specifically, key physical properties including vibrational dynamics, electromagnetic response and structural characteristics have been reported to provide a detail insight of rare-earth substituted Z-type hexagonal ferrites.
Irfan et al. (2026) studied this question.