Investigating professional technical identity practices of autonomous robots in the construction industry: a social practice theory perspective

Purpose The construction industry is rapidly advancing technologically, with robotics playing a vital role in enhancing project efficiency, safety and productivity, thus necessitating a skilled workforce that can advance robotics. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the professional technical identity (PTI) practices required for the effective implementation of autonomous robots, particularly unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in the construction industry. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was adopted, using purposive and snowball sampling to recruit 15 construction professionals experienced in UAV operations. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed thematically to gain insights into their PTI practices, such as knowledge, skills and experiences. Findings The findings categorize UAV knowledge and skills into four domains: regulatory, operational, technical proficiency in data analysis and soft skills. Competencies include adherence to FAA regulations, pre- and post-flight planning, situational awareness and proficiency in tools such as photogrammetry, DroneDeploy and Pix4D. The study also highlights a five-step structured framework for cultivating UAV expertise and addresses challenges such as regulatory hurdles and environmental risks. Practical implications The findings inform curriculum development by integrating UAV-related training and certifications into CEM programs. The study promoting UAV proficiency contributes to safer, more efficient construction practices and prepares students for a technology-driven industry, enhancing their employability and professional identity. Originality/value This study is among the first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to empirically connect professional identity with autonomous robotics implementation by examining how professionals reason, think and act while using UAVs within the dynamic and complex construction environment.