Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Selective Blood Components Optical Sensor with a Ring Core in THz Range

In this study, a highly sensitive optical sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is designed and simulated to detect blood components. The proposed structure utilizes a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a hexagonal lattice of air holes embedded in a silica dielectric background. A hollow circular ring is incorporated at the fiber’s core, serving as the sensing region where blood components are introduced. Changes in the refractive index of this region caused by the presence of different blood constituents directly affect the fiber's optical properties, including dispersion, confinement loss, and effective refractive index. Through comprehensive numerical simulations, these parameters were systematically analyzed across various wavelengths and frequencies. The results revealed distinct optical responses for each blood component, particularly within the 1.2 µm to 1.4 µm wavelength range, indicating high potential for selective detection and calibration. The designed sensor demonstrates excellent capability for distinguishing between different blood components, positioning it as a promising candidate for compact and accurate biomedical diagnostic applications.