What question did this study set out to answer?

To develop a system that monitors crowd density and improves passenger management at railway platforms.

April 23, 2026Open Access

Pre-Ride Vision :Realtime Visual Crowd Guidance System For Railway Platforms

Key Points

To develop a system that monitors crowd density and improves passenger management at railway platforms.
Utilized Python and ESP32 for system development
Implemented computer vision techniques for crowd analysis
Controlled visual and audio signals based on crowd density
Red LED and buzzer activate during high crowd density to alert passengers
Yellow LED signals caution in moderate crowd situations
Green LED and message indicate low crowd density, allowing entry

Abstract

The Real-Time Visual Crowd Guidance System for Railway Stations is a smart safety and passenger management solution developed using Python and ESP32 with serial communication. A camera connected to the Python system continuously monitors the crowd near each train compartment and analyzes the density in real time using computer vision techniques such as OpenCV-based people detection. Based on the crowd level, the Python application sends serial commands to the ESP32, which controls the red, yellow, and green LEDs, buzzer, and LCD display to guide passengers. When the crowd is high, the red LED glows, buzzer alerts, and the LCD displays "Move to Next Compartment"; for moderate crowd, the yellow LED indicates caution; and for low crowd, the green LED with the message "You Can Enter" is shown. This system helps reduce congestion, improves passenger flow, and enhances safety in railway stations during peak hours through real-time visual and audio guidance. \\

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