Techno-economic assessment compares second-life lithium-ion batteries with lead-acid and hydrogen systems, highlighting circular economy benefits.
Key Points
This evaluation aims to assess second-life lithium-ion batteries for stationary energy storage and compare their performance against lead-acid and hydrogen systems.
Developed an optimization-based framework using PV-load profiles and market electricity prices.
Evaluated performance per 1 MWh delivered over a 10-year life cycle.
Conducted scenario analyses on policy and financial parameters affecting technology rankings.
Second-life lithium-ion batteries demonstrate significant advantages in life-cycle impact and economic performance.
Circular economy practices positively influence energy delivery burdens.
Market conditions significantly shape the economic outcomes of the compared technologies.