Enhanced photorefractive performance and optical damage resistance in zirconium and uranium co-doped lithium niobate crystals

Puntos clave

• The aim is to investigate the photorefractive performance and optical damage resistance of zirconium and uranium co-doped lithium niobate crystals.
• Utilized zirconium and uranium co-doping in lithium niobate crystals
• Measured photorefractive response and saturation diffraction efficiency at 442 nm
• Assessed optical damage resistance
• Achieved millisecond-level photorefractive response
• Demonstrated high saturated diffraction efficiency
• Showed significantly enhanced optical damage resistance