Oral administration of kratom leaf extract alleviates anxiety-like behavior, urinary bladder pain, voiding dysfunction, and bladder hypercontractility via attenuating muscarinic receptor response in male mice exposed to chronic water avoidance stress
Randomized trial shows kratom leaf extract alleviates bladder pain and anxiety in stress-exposed male mice, indicating potential therapeutic effects.
Key Points
This study aims to assess the impact of kratom leaf extract on anxiety-like behavior and bladder function in mice under chronic stress.
Male C57BL/6 mice underwent water avoidance stress for 10 days, with some receiving kratom leaf extract or solifenacin.
Anxiety-like behavior was measured using the open field test, bladder pain through the von Frey test, and voiding behavior via voiding pattern analysis.
Bladder contractility was evaluated with organ bath techniques and mast cell infiltration assessed using toluidine blue staining.
Mice exposed to WAS showed reduced unsupported rearing behaviors, voiding area, and increased bladder pain, all reversed by kratom treatment (2.5 and 5 mg/kg).