Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Different Varieties of Raphanus sativus Seed via Multivariate Data Analysis

ABSTRACT Raphanus sativus seed (RS) are recognized for their ability to eliminate phlegm and improve digestion in Traditional Chinese Medicine treatments. Modern medical research has revealed that RS is rich in bioactive components. However, the levels of these compounds in different RS samples remain unclear. Thus, this study, using high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, conducted a quantitative analysis of four functional constituents in 105 varieties of RS. The data were then analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. Results indicated that the levels of glucosinolates (3.59 ± 0.43 to 206.89 ± 25.11 μmol/g DW) and isothiocyanates (5.6 ± 0.05 to 193.25 ± 12.86 μmol/g DW) varied significantly among the different RS samples, with white RS showing higher levels of glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, and sulforaphene than the other three types. Furthermore, “ Xuebawang ” was identified as a potential variant according to principal component analysis, with high levels of functional components and a relatively heavy weight (1.53 g). This study could provide preliminary data for the selection of raw materials for radish products.