The role of single nucleotide polymorphism 9–9224292 in honey bee health: genetic insights into immunity and disease resistance

The survival and health of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies are critically influenced by genetic traits affecting their responses to pathogens and parasites. Hygienic behavior, which involves the detection and removal of diseased or mite-infested brood, has been associated with reduced vulnerability to harmful agents. This study investigates the relationship between specific genotypes and viral infection prevalence, focusing on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 9–9224292, located within a genomic region linked to hygienic behavior. Our results reveal a significant association between this SNP and Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) prevalence, a pathogen predominantly transmitted by Varroa destructor mites. Colonies carrying the G/G genotype showed lower DWV prevalence compared to those with the A/A genotype. This association may reflect genetic variation linked to hygienic behavior, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. These findings highlight a link between genetic variation and DWV prevalence, providing a basis for future studies on honey bee resilience and the potential development of marker-assisted selection strategies.