Development, Optimisation and Characterization of

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by amyloid -0 (A0) accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and cortical neuronal loss. Current pharmacological interventions provide limited symptomatic benefit and are hindered by poor brain bioavailability and restricted blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration. Nano-based delivery systems offer a promising strategy to enhance targeted central nervous system (CNS) delivery of phytoconstituents with neuroprotective potential. In the present study, a Bacopa monnieri extract-loaded nanoemulsion (BMNE) was developed and evaluated through physicochemical analyses. Excipients were screened for optimal solubilization, and the optimized BMNE exhibited thermodynamic stability with an average droplet size of ~212 nm and zeta potential of -28 mV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed spherical nanodroplets within the 100-250 nm range, and FT-IR analysis verified chemical bonds and functional groups present on the surface of the NE. These findings suggest that the developed and optimised BMNE demonstrates favourable physicochemical properties and promising multitarget interactions relevant for neuroprotection and enhancing its therapeutic efficacy.