This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of waste transformer oil biodiesel (WTBD) blends with 6 lpm of hydrogen induction via intake manifold in a single cylinder Kirloskar TV1 diesel engine. There are four blends WTBD10, WTBD20, WTBD30 and WTBD40 were utilized in this experiment. The experimental results indicate that WTBD10 enhances brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 1.2% over diesel at 100% load while maintaining competitive values in brake specific energy Consumption (BSEC), outperforming diesel by 1.8 MJ/kW h and everywhere else it appears. at 50% load. The emissions analysis reveals significant reductions in hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide CO, with WTBD40 showing lower hydrocarbon emissions by 26 ppm at 100% load and CO emissions reduced by 0.028% compared to diesel. Although nitrogen oxides emissions increased with higher biodiesel content, WTBD10 exhibited the best performance among the blends, though still higher than diesel by 640 ppm at 100% load. Additionally, smoke emissions decreased notably, with WTBD40 recording a reduction of 40% compared to diesel at full load. Overall, WTBD blends with hydrogen induction demonstrate a promising approach to enhance engine performance and reduce harmful emissions, particularly with WTBD10 providing an optimal balance between efficiency and emissions across various operating conditions.
Kumaran et al. (2026) studied this question.