Dark Gravity and the C ± v Variability of Light Speed in Deep Space

This research article elucidates the fundamental reasons behind the invariance of the speed of light (C) and the mechanism by which photons instantaneously recover this constant velocity upon transitioning from a refractive medium into a vacuum. The primary objective of this study is to introduce a novel cosmological paradigm: the 'Dark Gravity' theory. We propose that this subtle, omnipresent gravitational force permeates the entire universe, serving as the essential medium for electromagnetic propagation. Light does not possess an inherent, autonomous velocity; rather, its propagation is influenced by the velocity of its source. However, this velocity is not imparted to light through the momentum of the source. Instead, both the source velocity and the invariant vacuum speed (C) are mediated by 'Dark Gravity'—an omnipresent gravitational force existing within the vacuum. Consequently, the resultant velocity of light (W) is defined by the Galilean-style addition formula W = V ± C. Furthermore, empirical data derived from the transmission speeds of radio waves from various spacecraft can be utilized to demonstrate that time is not relative.