and DIPEA, the reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates a wide range of N2 substituents and functional groups. Mechanistic studies support a single-electron transfer pathway involving a C5-centered radical, with DFT calculations revealing that the inherently weaker C5-Cl bond (87.1 vs 89.1 kcal/mol) accounts for the selectivity, while kinetic control from neutral DIPEA dictates the reaction outcome.
Zhuang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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