The weakness of the energy transmission system is one of the primary challenges facing Iraq, significantly contributing to the country’s economic crisis due to its reliance on non-renewable energy sources. The rise in oil prices increased electricity production costs. These issues, including weak transmission, can be addressed by integrating renewable energy with the grid. This research presented a methodology for designing and simulating a 25 MW grid-connected photovoltaic station. It used the PVsyst System program to predict energy production and AutoCAD to develop the layout. The steps included evaluating the site, selecting solar units, configuring inverters, and integrating them with the 132 kV substation. The system was divided into 4 units of 6.25 MW each, increasing flexibility and fault isolation. Simulation results indicated an annual production of approximately 44,630 MWh, with a performance ratio of 82.21% and a capacity factor of 19.28%, reflecting high efficiency under Iraqi solar radiation conditions. The research also employed technical strategies, including increasing the reflector size by 45%, improving cable paths, and utilizing specialized transformers to minimize losses. The economic evaluation indicated a production cost of about 0.025 per kWh, confirming feasibility, particularly with government support. This research offers a practical framework for deploying large solar stations in similar climates, providing recommendations for integrating advanced solar technologies and enhancing simulation tools to improve design accuracy and efficiency.
Hassan et al. (2026) studied this question.