From protein folding to fluid mechanics and galaxy formation, particle-based simulation shapes modern science. Here, I argue that this computational tradition begins with the code Mary Tsingou wrote at Los Alamos in 1953, a contribution still not fully recognised. From protein folding to fluid mechanics and galaxy formation, particle-based simulation shapes modern science. Here, the author argues that this computational tradition begins with the code Mary Tsingou wrote at Los Alamos in 1953, a contribution that still is not fully recognised.
Alessio Alexiadis (2026) studied this question.