Perceptions of internet connectivity among high-altitude trekkers: evidence from the most popular Himalayan trekking destinations

Purpose This study aims to explore trekkers’ perceptions of internet connectivity in high-altitude regions, particularly in Nepal’s popular trekking destinations. While digital access enhances safety, communication and navigation, it also raises concerns about disrupting the immersive natural experience. This research investigates how trekkers balance the benefits and drawbacks of connectivity, guided by the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) and Digital Detox Theory (DDT). Design/methodology/approach Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach, this study surveyed 490 trekkers trekking above 3,000 meters in the Everest, Annapurna and Manaslu regions. Quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, regression and moderation analysis, followed by qualitative insights from 20 semistructured interviews. Findings Findings reveal that trekkers perceive the internet as essential for safety and navigation but acknowledge its potential to disrupt immersion in nature. Younger trekkers exhibit a higher need for connectivity, while older trekkers prefer digital disconnection. Perceived drawbacks significantly reduce the need for connectivity, and cost plays a moderating role, particularly for those using the internet for entertainment purposes at high altitudes. Research limitations/implications This study has several limitations that should be acknowledged. Sampling constraints exist as the sample was primarily drawn from trekkers on popular Himalayan routes above 3,000 meters, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings to other high-altitude or remote trekking destinations. In addition, the reliance on convenience sampling could introduce biases, as participants who chose to participate might systematically differ from those who did not. Furthermore, the study relies on self-reported measures, which may be subject to recall or social desirability biases, potentially influencing the accuracy of responses. Lastly, the contextual specificity of the research presents another limitation. Practical implications Tourism operators and policymakers should explore eco-friendly, low-bandwidth connectivity options prioritizing emergency communications and navigation aids over nonessential digital content. Since trekkers highly value safety and navigation, investments in robust, reliable digital tools – such as offline navigation apps and emergency alert systems – can enhance trekkers’ security while maintaining the integrity of the natural experience. The tourism industry could adopt marketing strategies that promote the availability of essential connectivity services and opportunities for digital detox. Social implications Cost and environmental considerations: Implementing high-speed internet in remote, rugged terrains is technically challenging and prohibitively expensive. High-speed connectivity requires advanced equipment and infrastructure that significantly elevate operational costs , which can significantly increase operational costs. Moreover, deploying such advanced systems often involves extensive construction and installation efforts that may impact the natural environment. Policymakers and government authorities must carefully weigh these factors when considering large-scale connectivity projects in environmentally sensitive areas. Originality/value This study addresses a gap in the adventure tourism literature by exploring the complex perceptions of digital connectivity in high-altitude trekking regions. It provides a framework for sustainable digital integration in these environments.