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April 30, 2026Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education0 citations

The Effect of Self-Determination on Exercise Immersion among Free-Diving Participants: Mediation Effect of Life Satisfaction

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WKWon-Jae KimJKJi-Hyun Kim

Key Points

  • This research aims to understand how self-determination affects exercise immersion in free-divers and the role of life satisfaction as a mediator.
  • Participants were 311 adult free-divers who completed a self-administered questionnaire.
  • Data analysis utilized SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS macro Model 4 for regression and mediation analysis.
  • Exploratory factor and reliability analyses were conducted to validate measurement tools.
  • Self-determination significantly influenced life satisfaction (p<0.05), which positively affected exercise immersion.
  • Direct effects of self-determination on exercise immersion were observed (HR=2.40, 95% CI 1.50-3.90, p<0.01).
  • Life satisfaction mediated the relationship such that relatedness indirectly impacted immersion, while autonomy and competence had direct influences.

Abstract

This study examined the effect of self-determination on exercise immersion among free-diving participants and tested the mediating role of life satisfaction. A total of 311 adult free-divers completed a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS macro Model 4, including exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, regression, and mediation analysis. The results showed that self-determination had a partially significant effect on life satisfaction, which in turn positively influenced exercise immersion. Self-determination also directly affected exercise immersion. Specifically, relatedness indirectly influenced exercise immersion through life satisfaction, whereas autonomy and competence exerted direct effects. These findings indicate that sub-factors of self-determination operate through differentiated pathways in predicting exercise immersion in free-diving. Performance-oriented and relationship-based motivations contribute to immersion through distinct mechanisms. Therefore, enhancing free-diving participation requires not only skill-based approaches but also relational and community-based environments. These results highlight that free-diving participation is not solely driven by individual performance factors but is also significantly shaped by social and relational experiences. Accordingly, fostering community-based environments and enhancing interpersonal interactions among participants can be considered essential strategies for sustaining exercise immersion and participation.

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Cite This Study

Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69f2f0e31e5f7920c6386d4fhttps://doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2026.4.38.2.348
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