Dynamic Analysis of High-Speed Elevator Braking Incorporating Time-Varying Slip and Multi-Mode Operational Transitions

The braking system is a critical safety mechanism for elevators, making precise performance prediction essential for robust design. However, high-speed elevator braking is a complex nonlinear dynamic process featuring real-time stick-slip transitions at the rope–sheave interface. Conventional models often overlook these transient characteristics or assume constant friction, which compromises predictive accuracy. To address these limitations, this study proposes a 16-scenario adaptive dynamic model for elevator braking. By incorporating the Stribeck friction formulation and explicit numerical criteria, the state-space framework autonomously solves multi-condition, time-varying slip dynamics without manual intervention. The proposed model was experimentally validated using a test elevator with a rated capacity of 1000 kg. Empirical results showed high accuracy in predicting macroscopic braking distances (relative errors under 10%) and transient responses, particularly the temporal evolution of velocity and deceleration. Leveraging this validated model, the influence of key parameters—including car load, time-varying friction, and traction capacity—on dynamic braking behavior was further investigated. Ultimately, this 16-scenario framework provides a robust theoretical foundation for predicting transient braking stability and optimizing elevator mechanical design.