Abstract This paper presents a methodology for the analysis and application of modular façade systems in buildings, taking into account the deformations of the primary structure throughout its service life. A real case study is used to evaluate vertical and horizontal deformations induced by permanent actions, variable actions, thermal effects, and seismic loading. The study highlights the need to ensure compatibility between these deformations and the façade system, proposing solutions such as dimensional allowances, dedicated movement joints, and phased installation strategies. The results demonstrate that accurate prediction and proper accommodation of structural movements are essential to guarantee the functional performance, durability, and safety of modular façade systems.
Ceia et al. (2026) studied this question.