The Industry 5.0 framework: viability-based integration of the resilience, sustainability, and human-centricity perspectives

Industry 5.0 is a combination of organisational principles and technologies to design and manage operations and supply chains as resilient, sustainable, and human-centric systems. While the general notion of Industry 5.0 has been elaborated, its implications for future operations and supply chains remain underexplored. This paper contributes to the conceptualisation of Industry 5.0 from the perspective of viability. We contextualise a framework of Industry 5.0 through the lens of the viable supply chain model, the reconfigurable supply chain, and human-centric ecosystems. Our study uncovers the major dimensions that characterise Industry 5.0 as a technological-organisational framework. First, the major technological principles of Industry 5.0 are collaboration, coordination, communication, automation, data analytics processing, and identification. Second, Industry 5.0 covers four areas: organisation, management, technology, and performance assessment. Third, Industry 5.0 spans three levels: society level, network level, and plant level. Last but not least, Industry 5.0 frames a new triple bottom line: resilient value creation, human well-being, and sustainable society. We provide a definition of Industry 5.0 and discuss its implications by elaborating on the understanding of value in Industry 5.0, which spans the dimensions of profit, people, and society. We also discuss open research areas.