PURPOSE: This study investigated the relationship between intratumoral hemorrhage detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and patients' demographic characteristics, primary tumor type/subtype, radiological features of metastases, and potential impact on survival. Our institution's Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee approved this study. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-five patients diagnosed with brain metastases based on contrast-enhanced MRI were analyzed retrospectively between August 2017 and June 2023. Demographic data, primary malignancy type/subtype, imaging characteristics, and survival outcomes were recorded. Intratumoral hemorrhage was identified as low-signal intensity areas on T2*-weighted gradient echo (T2*-GRE) or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Patients were classified into hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic groups. The groups were compared with respect to age, sex, tumor type/subtype, number, localization, size, peritumoral edema, and edema-to-tumor ratio. In patients with vasogenic edema, the ratio of the largest edema diameter to tumor diameter was calculated to assess its association with hemorrhage. RESULTS: = 0.352). CONCLUSION: Intratumoral hemorrhage rates vary across primary tumor types. Its presence correlates with larger lesion size and extensive vasogenic edema, suggesting potential diagnostic and prognostic value in evaluating brain metastases.
Türkkahraman et al. (2026) studied this question.