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May 6, 2026European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry0 citationsOpen Access

From Phosphinimines to Four‐Membered SiCPN Cations: Insights Into N–Si Bonding and Ring Strain

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AFAlexander FalkJBJonathan O. Bauer

Key Points

  • This research aims to explore the bonding characteristics and strain in four-membered cationic SiCPN cycles.
  • Systematic synthesis of cationic SiCPN cycles from phosphinimines
  • Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy analysis to study chemical shifts
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural confirmation
  • Thermochemical density functional theory investigations
  • Natural bond orbital analyses to assess bonding characteristics
  • Hydride abstraction successfully generates cyclic cations from specific precursors
  • Significant downfield shifts in 31P and 29Si NMR signals indicate increased cationic character
  • Enhanced electronic communication observed across the R3P–N–SiMe3 framework
  • Increased steric bulk at silicon correlates with weakened N–Si bonding
  • Systematic reductions in ring-opening Gibbs energies are noted with increasing steric hindrance.

Abstract

A systematic study of four‐membered cationic SiCPN cycles derived from sterically tuned hydrosilyl‐functionalized phosphinimines is presented. Hydride abstraction of the methyl‐ and iso ‐propyl‐substituted precursors successfully affords the corresponding cyclic cations, while the tert ‐butyl analogue resists cyclization, yielding a protonated intermediate instead. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy reveals significant downfield shifts in both 31 P and 29 Si NMR signals, reflecting enhanced cationic character at silicon and pronounced modulation of hyperconjugative n N → σ* (P–C) interactions. Correlated shifts at phosphorus and silicon highlight efficient electronic communication across the R 3 P–N–SiMe 3 framework, consistent with its isoelectronic analogy to disiloxane linkages. Structural data from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, thermochemical density functional theory investigations, and natural bond orbital analyses show that increasing steric bulk at silicon weakens intramolecular N–Si bonding, in line with systematically reduced ring‐opening Gibbs energies. These findings provide a clear picture of the interplay between steric and electronic effects in SiCPN cations and offer design principles for strained donor–acceptor silicon heterocycles.

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Cite This Study

Falk et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fa8eac04f884e66b53106fhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.70217
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